Dimethyl Labeling
The dimethyl labeling technique uses a reagent mixture (i.e., cyanoborohydride and formaldehyde in their unlabeled and stable isotope-labeled forms) to tag primary amines (e.g., ε-amino group of lysine) in analytes, such as peptides and metabolites. This is a fast, straightforward, and inexpensive approach to conduct 2- or 3-plex quantitative omic analyses of a variety of sample types (e.g., lysate, tissue). To facilitate reductive amination reactions in quantitative ome profiling (example provided in App Note 38), CIL is pleased to offer a variety of chemical tagging reagents and reagent sets (Dimethyl-2Plex and Dimethyl-3Plex).
Related Resource
➤ Stable Isotope Standards for Mass Spectrometry
Application Note
➤ Stable Isotope Dimethyl Labeling
Dimethyl Labeling Reagent Sets
Related Products
Frequently Asked Questions
At what stage of a bottom-up proteomics experiment are the dimethyl labeling reagents inserted? The reductive methylation reagents (i.e., formaldehyde and cyanoborohydride) are typically added to peptides post-digestion.
Is reductive dimethylation limited to peptides? No. This tagging approach can be applied to metabolites as well for quantification of amine-containing metabolites in biological samples (see literature for example references).
Example References
DeMarco, A.G.; Dibble, M.G.; Hall, M.C. 2024. Inducible degradation-coupled phosphoproteomics identifies PP2ARts1 as a novel eisosome regulator. Front Cell Dev Biol, 12, 1451027-1451042. PMID: 37961087
Agbani, E.O.; Young, D.; Chen, S.A.; et al. 2023. Membrane procoagulation and N‑terminomics/TAILS profiling in Montreal platelet syndrome kindred with VWF p.V1316M mutation. Commun Med, 3(1), 125-133. PMID: 37735203
Son, A.; Pankow, S.; Bamberger, T.C.; et al. 2023. Quantitative structural proteomics in living cells by covalent protein painting. Methods Enzymol, 679, 33-63. PMID: 36682868
Nickerson, J.L.; Doucette, A.A. 2022. Maximizing cumulative trypsin activity with calcium at elevated temperature for enhanced bottom-Up proteome analysis. Biology (Basel), 11(10), 1444-1459. PMID: 36290348
Mead, T.J.; Martin, D.R.; Wang, L.W.; et al. 2022. Proteolysis of fibrillin-2 microfibrils is essential for normal skeletal development. Elife, 11, e71142-e71175. PMID: 35503090
Bamberger, C.; Diedrich, J.; Martìnez-Bartholomé, S.; et al. 2022. Cancer conformational landscape shapes tumorigenesis. J Proteome Res, 21(4), 1017-1028. PMID: 35271278
Yan, X.; Sun, L.; Dovichi, N.J.; et al. 2020. Minimal deuterium isotope effects in quantitation of dimethyl-labeled complex proteomes analyzed with capillary zone electrophoresis/mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis, 41(15), 1374-1378. PMID: 32548848
Zhang, Y.; Xie, X.; Zhao, X.; et al. 2018. Systems analysis of singly and multiply O-glycosylated peptides in the human serum glycoproteome via EThcD and HCD mass spectrometry. J Proteomics, 170, 14-27. PMID: 28970103
Hsu, J.L.; Chen, S.H. 2016. Stable isotope dimethyl labelling for quantitative proteomics and beyond. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci, 374(2079), 20150364. PMID: 27644970
Lai, Z.W.; Bolm, L.; Fuellgraf, H.; et al. 2016. Characterization of various cell lines from different ampullary cancer subtypes and cancer associated fibroblast-mediated responses. BMC Cancer, 16, 195. PMID: 26951071
Weißer, J.; Lai, Z.W.; Bronsert, P.; et al. 2015. Quantitative proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissue using stable isotopic dimethylation of primary amines. BMC Genomics, 16(1), 559. PMID: 26220445
Tolonen, A.C.; Haas, W. 2014. Quantitative proteomics using reductive dimethylation for stable isotope labeling. J Vis Exp, (89), 51416. PMID: 25045933
Munoz, J.; Low, T.Y.; Kok, Y.J.; et al. 2011. The quantitative proteomes of human-induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Mol Syst Biol, 7, 550. PMID: 22108792