Nucleic Acids
To assist with RNA/DNA-related NMR- and/or MS-based research, CIL offers a large selection of various stable isotope-labeled compounds. NMR spectroscopy is an important tool to determine structures of nucleic acids alone and in interaction with proteins or small molecules. Nucleic acids are also increasingly being investigated in their use with potential biotherapies – RNA therapeutics being of particular interest. Nucleic acids containing roughly less than ~40 nucleotides will require simple 15N or 13C/15N enrichment to provide the constraints necessary to determine full three-dimensional structures. Advances in isotope-enrichment strategies have been crucial in the success for the study of larger RNAs. These advances primarily include the use of selectively and uniformly deuterated nucleotides and segmental isotope labeling using deuterium
The most popular approaches to produce labeled RNA molecules for NMR studies use enzymatic in vitro transcription methods that employ labeled rNTPs, T7 RNA polymerase, and either linearized plasmids or double-stranded DNA as templates. These techniques are used to construct labeled RNA molecules of which all of one type of nucleotide is labeled.
Labeled DNA oligonucleotides are routinely synthesized using enzymatic in vitro methods that utilize labeled dNTPs, a DNA polymerase, and a cDNA template. One advantage of using enzymatic methods over phosphoramidite chemistry is that large oligonucleotides (e.g., >50 nucleotides in length) can be prepared in milligram quantities. Position-specific labeled DNA molecules can be synthesized using standard phosphoramidite chemistry (using labeled deoxyphosphoramidites) to overcome the limited chemical shift dispersion of DNA, as well as to create residue-specific probes to obtain functional, structural, and dynamic information.
Applications of stable isotope-labeled nucleic acids are broad, ranging from the evaluation of protein structure and dynamics to the evaluation of nucleic acids as potential biotherapies, such as RNA therapeutics.
To assist with RNA/DNA-related NMR- and/or MS-based research, CIL offers a large selection of various stable isotope-labeled compounds. We also offer sets of deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates (dNMPs), deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), and ribonucleoside triphosphate (rNTPs) in different unit configurations for ease of use.
Stable Isotope-Labeled Nucleic Acids and Related Compounds
Since 2005, CIL has partnered with Cassia, LLC in a continuous effort to develop and produce the most extensive product line of stable isotope-labeled RNA and DNA triphosphates, DNA phosphoramidites, and other related compounds. CIL and Cassia have a unique relationship that combines CIL's isotopic material production and distribution efforts with Cassia's special knowledge of RNA and DNA biosynthesis.