Bile Acids

CIL offers an extensive listing of unlabeled and stable isotope-labeled bile acids (BAs). These individuals span unconjugated and glycine/taurine conjugated BA classes, with some assembled into dried-down mixes to aid research use. Applications encompass their profiling and quantification to better understand host-gut microbial interactions that contribute to human health and disease states. Another example application could involve the study of bile acid synthesis, transport, and metabolism.

Related Resources

➤ Stable Isotope-Labeled Products for Metabolic Research 
➤ Stable Isotope-Labeled Products for Microbiome Research
➤ Metabolomics Bile Acid Mixtures

Application Note
➤ Bile Acid Analysis in Mouse Samples to Study Liver Cholestasis Etiology

Technical Note
➤ Quantitative Analysis and Structural Characterization of Bile Acids Using the ZenoTOF 7600 System

Stable Isotope Standards for Mass Spectrometry

Download Catalog

Product category

Bile Acid Types

Conjugated Bile Acids

Isotope Label

Label Type

Isotopic Enrichment Range

Grade

Molecular Weight Range

Product Form

Product Form 2

Primary Bile Acids

Primary bile acids (BAs) are synthesized from cholesterol and conjugated with glycine or taurine in the liver. These conjugated BAs are stored in the gall bladder until release to the intestine, at which point they are deconjugated (i.e., released of glycine and taurine) and biotransformed (i.e., converted from unconjugated primary BAs to secondary BAs) by gut microbes. CIL offers an array of unconjugated (e.g., cholic acid or CA, chenodeoxycholic acid or CDCA) and conjugated (e.g., glycocholic acid or GCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid or GCDCA) primary BAs. These are available in their stable isotope-labeled and unlabeled form as solution or neat materials for research use purposes. A few primary BAs (3 unconjugated and 4 conjugated) are also included in our BA mixtures (stable isotope-labeled: MSK-BA1 and MSK-BA2; unlabeled: MSK-BA1-US and MSK-BA2-US).

Secondary Bile Acids

Secondary bile acids (BAs) are produced from primary BAs (e.g., deoxycholic acid from cholic acid) by microbiota in the intestine and can be conjugated with glycine or taurine in the liver. Similar to the primary BAs, the secondary bile acids also possess numerous biological functions (e.g., signaling molecules) and have been studied for a variety of purposes (e.g., biomarkers of liver function, BA synthesis/metabolism). CIL offers a plethora of unconjugated (e.g., deoxycholic acid or DCA, lithocholic acid or LCA) and conjugated (e.g., taurodeoxycholic acid or TDCA, glycolithocholic acid or GLCA) secondary BAs toward research explorations in this space. These are available in their stable isotope-labeled and unlabeled form as solution or neat materials for research use purposes. A few secondary BAs (three unconjugated and six conjugated) are also included in our BA mixtures (stable isotope-labeled: MSK-BA1 and MSK-BA2; unlabeled: MSK-BA1-US and MSK-BA2-US).

Glycine Conjugated Bile Acids

Glycine conjugation to bile acids (BAs) is a type of amino acid conjugation that can occur on primary and secondary BAs in hepatocytes. Examples of glycine conjugated BAs are glycochenodeoxycholic acid and glycocholic acid (for primary BA conjugates), as well as glycodeoxycholic acid and glycolithocholic acid (for secondary BA conjugates). CIL offers a collection of stable isotope-labeled and unlabeled glycine conjugated BAs in their solution and neat form for research use purposes. To help reduce development time in research applications, five glycine conjugated BAs (two primary and three secondary) are also formulated in a dried-down mix (see MSK-BA2 and MSK-BA2-US).

Taurine Conjugated Bile Acids

Taurine conjugation to bile acids (BAs) is a type of amino acid conjugation that occurs on primary and secondary BAs in hepatocytes. Examples of taurine conjugated BAs are taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid (for primary BA conjugates), as well as taurodeoxycholic acid and taurolithocholic acid (for secondary BA conjugates). CIL offers a collection of stable isotope-labeled and unlabeled taurine conjugated BAs in their solution and neat form for research use purposes. To help reduce development time in research applications, five taurine conjugated BAs (two primary and three secondary) are also formulated in a dried-down mix (see MSK-BA2 and MSK-BA2-US).

Bile Acid Mixes

To aid developments and applications in the microbiome research space, CIL offers stable isotope-labeled and unlabeled bile acid (BA) mixes. These dried-down mixes are available with the unconjugated BAs in one vial (labeled, MSK-BA1; unlabeled, MSK-BA1-US) and the conjugated BAs in a second vial (labeled, MSK-BA2; unlabeled, MSK-BA2-US). Use of these mixes should help reduce user development/cost and enhance data quality through exceptional vial-to-vial and lot-to-lot reproducibility.

Bile Acid Solutions

Bile acids (BAs) are investigated in applications ranging from synthesis/metabolism explorations to human health and disease evaluations. To aid quantitative developments and applications in this space, CIL offers a number of stable isotope-labeled BAs in methanol at 100 µg/mL. The BAs cover primary (e.g., cholic acid or CA) and secondary (e.g., deoxycholic acid or DCA) variants, as well as those amidated independently with glycine (e.g., glycocholic acid or GCA) or taurine (e.g., taurodeoxycholic acid or TDCA).